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🧪 Vous le verrez dans nos annonces d’adoption, tous nos chats sont «testés FIV et Felv». Cela signifie que nos vétérinaires ont vérifié, par un test sanguin, s’ils sont porteurs du virus de l’immunodéficience féline (FIV) ou du virus de la leucose féline (FeLV).
➖ Lorsque le test FeLV est négatif, cela veut dire que le chat n’a jamais rencontré ce virus. Il n’en est pas porteur, ne pourra donc pas le transmettre à un autre chat et ne déclenchera pas de maladie associée au virus.
➕ Lorsque le test est positif (on écrit « FeLV+»), cela veut dire que le chat a rencontré le virus.
Qu’est ce que le FeLV ?
Le FeLV, ou virus de la leucose féline, commence par se cacher dans l’organisme après avoir infecté le chat. Cette phase peut durer plusieurs mois, voire plusieurs années avant que la maladie ne se déclare. Pendant cette phase, l’animal est dit séropositif pour le FeLV, mais il ne présente aucun symptôme. En revanche, étant porteur du virus, il est contagieux.
Quand la maladie se déclenche, le virus provoque un affaiblissement des défenses de l’organisme contre les autres microbes. Le chat est alors souvent atteint d’anémie, due au virus et aux infections opportunistes. Le FeLV peut également être responsable de cancers, particulièrement de lymphomes (cancer des ganglions), de leucémies (cancers de la moelle osseuse et du sang) et de cancers du rein.
Le fait d’être positif au virus de la leucose n’est pas une sentence inéluctable de mort à plus ou moins brève échéance. La maladie peut ne jamais se déclencher. Le chat peut également éliminer le virus comme notre organisme élimine le virus de la grippe, par exemple.
Transmission
Le FeLV n’est pas transmissible à l’homme ni aux autres animaux.
Il est par contre relativement contagieux pour les chats puisqu’il se transmet par la salive, la litière, le sang et les larmes. Le virus est très peu résistant à l’air libre (10 minutes) ; il faut donc qu’il y ait contact étroit entre deux chats pour propager la maladie.
Prévention
Il existe depuis longtemps un vaccin qui protège contre cette maladie. Il est proposé chez tous les vétérinaires dans le vaccin TCL (typhus – coryza – leucose).